{"id":1829,"date":"2024-10-14T22:02:43","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T19:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/palatvet.ro\/?p=1829"},"modified":"2024-11-11T23:14:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T21:14:13","slug":"parazitii-interni-si-externi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/palatvet.ro\/?p=1829","title":{"rendered":"Parazi\u021bii interni \u0219i externi."},"content":{"rendered":"

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Parazi\u021bii sunt o problem\u0103 major\u0103 \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tatea animalelor de companie, inclusiv c\u00e2ini \u0219i pisici. Infest\u0103rile cu parazi\u021bi interni \u0219i externi pot duce la afec\u021biuni grave, dac\u0103 nu sunt tratate corespunz\u0103tor. Iat\u0103 un articol detaliat, cu exemple de parazi\u021bi \u00een denumirea lor medical\u0103 \u0219i informa\u021bii despre preven\u021bie \u0219i tratament.<\/p>

Parazi\u021bii Interni<\/h3>

Parazi\u021bii interni, cunoscu\u021bi \u0219i ca helmin\u021bi, sunt de obicei viermi intestinali care tr\u0103iesc \u00een tractul digestiv al animalelor de companie. Printre cei mai frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/p>

  1. Ascaris (Toxocara canis \u0219i Toxocara cati)<\/strong>
    Aceste specii de viermi rotunzi sunt foarte comune la c\u00e2ini \u0219i pisici. Ou\u0103le parazitului sunt eliminate prin fecale \u0219i pot contamina solul, devenind un risc pentru alte animale \u0219i chiar pentru oameni (provoc\u00e2nd toxocarioz\u0103). Simptomele includ diaree, vom\u0103, abdomen umflat \u0219i sl\u0103biciune.<\/li>\n\n
  2. Ancilostome (Ancylostoma caninum \u0219i Ancylostoma tubaeforme)<\/strong>
    Viermii c\u00e2rlig sunt helmint\u021bi care se hr\u0103nesc cu s\u00e2nge \u0219i pot provoca anemie sever\u0103, mai ales la puii de c\u00e2ine sau pisic\u0103. Infestarea poate avea loc prin contactul cu solul contaminat sau prin penetrarea direct\u0103 a pielii.<\/li>\n\n
  3. Tenii (Dipylidium caninum, Taenia spp.)<\/strong>
    Infest\u0103rile cu tenii se produc adesea prin ingerarea puricilor care poart\u0103 larvele acestui parazit. Acestea pot provoca probleme digestive, pierdere \u00een greutate \u0219i prezen\u021ba segmentelor de tenie \u00een fecale sau \u00een jurul anusului animalului.<\/li>\n\n
  4. Protozoare (Giardia spp. \u0219i Coccidia spp.)<\/strong>
    Acestea sunt parazi\u021bi microscopici care provoac\u0103 diaree sever\u0103 \u0219i deshidratare. Giardia este un protozoar comun care poate afecta at\u00e2t c\u00e2inii, c\u00e2t \u0219i pisicile. Coccidioza, cauzat\u0103 de Coccidia, este o problem\u0103 frecvent\u0103 la pisicile tinere.<\/li><\/ol>

    Parazi\u021bii Externi<\/h3>

    Parazi\u021bii externi sunt insecte sau arahnide care tr\u0103iesc pe pielea animalului \u0219i pot transmite boli grave.<\/p>

    1. Puricii (Ctenocephalides felis \u0219i Ctenocephalides canis)<\/strong>
      Puricii sunt probabil cei mai cunoscu\u021bi parazi\u021bi externi. Ei provoac\u0103 prurit intens, dermatit\u0103 alergic\u0103 la purici \u0219i, \u00een unele cazuri, pot transmite tenii (Dipylidium caninum).<\/li>\n\n
    2. C\u0103pu\u0219ele (Ixodes scapularis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus)<\/strong>
      C\u0103pu\u0219ele nu doar c\u0103 provoac\u0103 irita\u021bii locale, dar pot transmite boli grave precum boala Lyme (transmis\u0103 de Ixodes scapularis) \u0219i babesioza (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). De asemenea, c\u0103pu\u0219ele pot provoca paralizie dac\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n ata\u0219ate pentru o perioad\u0103 lung\u0103 de timp.<\/li>\n\n
    3. P\u0103duchii (Trichodectes canis, Felicola subrostratus)<\/strong>
      Ace\u0219ti parazi\u021bi externi se hr\u0103nesc fie cu s\u00e2nge, fie cu celulele pielii animalelor. Pot provoca m\u00e2nc\u0103rimi severe, irita\u021bii ale pielii \u0219i, \u00een cazuri rare, pot transmite \u0219i alte boli.<\/li>\n\n
    4. Acarienii (Sarcoptes scabiei, Demodex canis, Otodectes cynotis)<\/strong>
      Infest\u0103rile cu acarieni pot cauza scabie (Sarcoptes scabiei), care este extrem de pruriginoas\u0103 \u0219i contagioas\u0103. Demodicoza este cauzat\u0103 de Demodex canis \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 \u00een principal c\u00e2inii, \u00een special pe cei cu un sistem imunitar sl\u0103bit. Otodectoza, cauzat\u0103 de Otodectes cynotis, este frecvent\u0103 la pisici \u0219i c\u00e2ini \u0219i duce la m\u00e2nc\u0103rimi intense \u00een urechi.<\/li><\/ol>

      Diagnostic \u0219i Tratament<\/h3>

      Diagnosticul infest\u0103rilor parazitare se face printr-o combina\u021bie de examen clinic \u0219i teste de laborator, precum analiza fecalelor (pentru parazi\u021bii interni) sau examinarea pielii \u0219i bl\u0103nii (pentru parazi\u021bii externi). Veterinarul poate recomanda tratamente antiparazitare specifice pentru fiecare tip de parazit:<\/p>

      • Antiparazitarele interne<\/strong> includ medicamente precum fenbendazolul, praziquantelul \u0219i milbemicina, utilizate pentru tratarea infest\u0103rilor cu viermi rotunzi, tenii \u0219i protozoare.<\/li>\n\n
      • Antiparazitarele externe<\/strong> includ pipete cu substan\u021be precum fipronil, imidacloprid sau selamectin\u0103, care sunt eficiente \u00eempotriva puricilor, c\u0103pu\u0219elor \u0219i acarienilor.<\/li><\/ul>

        Preven\u021bie<\/h3>

        Preven\u021bia este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a men\u021bine s\u0103n\u0103tatea animalelor de companie \u0219i a st\u0103p\u00e2nilor acestora. Recomand\u0103rile includ:<\/p>

        1. Deparazitare regulat\u0103<\/strong>: Administrarea de medicamente antiparazitare interne \u0219i externe la intervalele recomandate de veterinar (de obicei, lunar sau trimestrial).<\/li>\n\n
        2. Controlul mediului<\/strong>: Cur\u0103\u021barea frecvent\u0103 a patului animalului, aspirarea caselor \u0219i tratamentele pentru eliminarea puricilor \u0219i c\u0103pu\u0219elor din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor sunt esen\u021biale.<\/li>\n\n
        3. Igiena personal\u0103<\/strong>: Sp\u0103larea m\u00e2inilor dup\u0103 contactul cu animalul \u0219i evitarea expunerii copiilor la fecale sau sol contaminat cu ou\u0103 de parazi\u021bi.<\/li>\n\n
        4. Examin\u0103ri veterinare periodice<\/strong>: Un control regulat la veterinar poate ajuta la identificarea precoce a infest\u0103rilor parazitare \u0219i la prevenirea complica\u021biilor.<\/li><\/ol>

          Concluzie<\/h3>

          Parazi\u021bii la c\u00e2ini \u0219i pisici sunt o amenin\u021bare real\u0103 pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea lor, dar \u0219i pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea familiei. De aceea, este crucial s\u0103 se adopte o abordare preventiv\u0103, prin deparazit\u0103ri regulate \u0219i controlul mediului. Consultul periodic la veterinar \u0219i aplicarea tratamentelor corespunz\u0103toare sunt esen\u021biale pentru a men\u021bine animalele s\u0103n\u0103toase \u0219i fericite.<\/p>

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          Parazi\u021bii sunt o problem\u0103 major\u0103 \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tatea animalelor de companie, inclusiv c\u00e2ini \u0219i pisici. Infest\u0103rile cu parazi\u021bi interni \u0219i externi 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